8086 interview questions

8086 interview questions 

1. What are the flags in 8086? - In 8086 Carry flag, Parity flag, Auxiliary carry flag, Zero flag, Overflow flag, Trace flag, Interrupt flag, Direction flag, and Sign flag.
2. What are the various interrupts in 8086? - Maskable interrupts, Non-Maskable interrupts.
3. What is meant by Maskable interrupts? - An interrupt that can be turned off by the programmer is known as Maskable interrupt.
4. What is Non-Maskable interrupts? - An interrupt which can be never be turned off (ie.disabled) is known as Non-Maskable interrupt.
5. Which interrupts are generally used for critical events? - Non-Maskable interrupts are used in critical events. Such as Power failure, Emergency, Shut off etc.,
6. Give examples for Maskable interrupts? - RST 7.5, RST6.5, RST5.5 are Maskable interrupts
7. Give example for Non-Maskable interrupts? - Trap is known as Non-Maskable interrupts, which is used in emergency condition.
8. What is the Maximum clock frequency in 8086? - 5 Mhz is the Maximum clock frequency in 8086.
9. What are the various segment registers in 8086? - Code, Data, Stack, Extra Segment registers in 8086.

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Difference between BFS and DFS

Breadth-first search (BFS) and depth-first search (DFS) are the two algorithms used for traversing and searching a node in a graph. They can also be used to find out whether a node is reachable from given node or not.

In depth-first search traversal  we try to go far from the root node.  Nodes are visited by going through the depth of the tree from starting node. When we reach at the node which does not have any children then we backtrack and visit the child nodes on another branch.

The depth-first search traversal of above graph will be:

A  B  E  F  C  D

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An Introduction to Programming Contest (Various Input\Output Systems)

If you are a beginner, you will find it very unusual sometime regarding taking inputs. Some problems will say, "The Program will continue till the END OF FILE:, some will say "Stop taking input if N=0" etc etc. Some important ways to take input will be described here:

1. If you are said to take an integer number (n) as input till the End Of File/ (EOF):

 

 

int main(){

    int n;

    while(scanf("%d", &n)!=EOF){

         ...........

         ...........

    }
    return 0;
}

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File Input/Output

There are various ways to take input from file and show the result in another file. 

We can use fopen() for taking input from a file or to show output in a file. It is the easiest way to do so. First, we have to open the files and at the end we just need to close the file. An example is given below:

Suppose we want to take input from the "input.txt" file and want to store the results in the "output.txt" file. The code for this is given below:

#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
    int T, ans;
    int cm, y, ssu, ssa, f;
    int b, gs, gc, w;
    freopen("input.txt","r", stdin);
    freopen ("output.txt","w",stdout);
    scanf("%d", &T);
    while(T--){
               scanf("%d%d%d%d%d", &cm, &y, &ssu, &ssa, &f);
               scanf("%d%d%d%d", &b, &gs, &gc, &w);
               ans = b + (gs/30) + (gc/25) + (w/10);
               printf("%d\n", ans);
    }
    fclose(stdin);
    fclose(stdout);
    return 0;
}

memset (cstring (string.h))

memset:

memset is such a library function which is rarely used in practical. Suppose, in an array, for some certain values you have to make that true. And for any other values that will be false. In this case you have to change all the elements of the array to false first, and then you can make that true for those specific values. memset is the easiest way to do this. An example of it is given below:

bool row [10000 + 5];

bool col [10000 + 5];

memset (row, false, 10005);

memset (col, false, 10005);

memset:

void * memset ( void * ptr, int value, size_t num );


Fill block of memory Sets the first num bytes of the block of memory pointed by ptr to the specified value (interpreted as an unsigned char).

Parametersptr
Pointer to the block of memory to fill.
value
Value to be set. The value is passed as an int, but the function fills the block of memory using the unsigned char conversion of this value.
num
Number of bytes to be set to the value.

Return Valueptr is returned.

Example

/* memset example */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main ()
{
  char str[] = "almost every programmer should know memset!";
  memset (str,'-',6);
  puts (str);
  return 0;
}

Output:

------ every programmer should know memset!

UVA Problem#11760

Question:

http://uva.onlinejudge.org/external/117/11760.html 

Solution:

1. Take 2 Boolean array (e.g bool row[10000 + 5]; bool col[10000 + 5]; )

2. Let all the elements of the above two array be false. The easiest way to do this is by using memset(...,...,)

3. Then start taking the inputs as "r" and "c"and turn the row[r] and col[c] into true from false.

4. Then check the 4 places of Arif where he can move. 

5. Print your result.

Pseudo code is given below:

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UVA Problem#11900

Question:

http://uva.onlinejudge.org/external/119/11900.html

Solution:

1. take all the necessary inputs.

2. let count be the variable of the counter. you have to check so that count<P and count<N,then add the weight and recheck. Pseudo code is given below:

 

#include<stdio.h>

int main(){
    while(T--){

.......

.......
            for(W=count=0; count<P && count<N;){
                       if(W+a[count]>Q)
                       break;
                       W+=a[count++];
                       }

        printf("Case %d: %d\n", c++, count);

    }
    return 0;
}

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Complete C++ Guide

The Complete C++ Guide

What is C++?
C++ (pronounced "See plus plus") is a statically typed, free-form, multi-paradigm, compiled, general-purpose programming language. It is regarded as a middle-level language, as it comprises a combination of both high-level and low-level language features.

What is C++ used for?
For big software projects that require high performances. Most major applications and games are made in C++.
Examples: Photoshop, Firefox, Winamp, Counter Strike...

Short list of C++ compilers:
For Windows:
Microsoft Visual C++ Express
Borland C++ 5.5
CodeBlocks
DevCPP
For Linux:
G++(contained in GCC which comes preinstalled in most distros)
Intel C++ (free for noncommercial use only)
For Mac OS X:
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Xcode
GCC

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How to install Blogumus in your Blogger layout

Installing Blogumus in your Blogger layout is surprisingly simple! You should only need to copy and paste a section of code to your Blogger template, though any tweaks for the style of display will require some manual editing. Here are the steps required to install Blogumus in your Blogger layout: Go to Layout>Edit HTML in your Blogger dashboard, and search for the following line (or similar):

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Manipulating MySQL with PHP

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Beginners Tutorial

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Introduction

If you do not know what MySQL is, then I suggest reading the spoiler below.

MySQL is a widely used program that allows anyone to easily create and host their own database. MySQL is free and can be set up in a matter of minutes. When you create your own database, you will need to remember your host, your username, and your password. Many website hosting sites have included MySQL database support, which means you can use the MySQL database they provide for you and edit it within the host site's Control Panel without having to download MySQL onto your hard-drive. For simple needs, and for safety reasons, using provided MySQL service from a website hosting sites may be the best choice for you.

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Sieve Algorithm Implimentation

Sieve is a popular algorithm. It is used to detect the prime numbers between two numbers.  

Code:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#define max 10000000
char p[max];
void sieve()
{
long i,j,c=0,x=0;
for(i=2;i<max;i++) p[i]=1;
for(i=2;i<=sqrt(max); )
{
for(j=i+i;j<=max;j+=i)
p[j]=0;
i++;
for( ;!p[i];i++);
}
for(i=0;i<=max;i++)if(p[i])x++; /*This 2 lines for checking the number of primes between 0 & 10000000.*/
printf("%d",x);
}
int main()
{
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return 0;
}

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